Penetration moxibustion for postpartum subinvolution of uterus: Two case reports and mechanism analysis: 透灸法成功治疗产后子宫复旧不良:两则病例报告及机制分析

This article introduced the application of penetration moxibustion in successfully treating two cases of postpartum subinvolution of uterus. The main complaint of one case was increasing volume of abnormal vaginal bleeding for five days after delivery. The bleeding stopped after the patient received 7 times treatment of warming needle and penetration moxibustion on Zhōngjí (中极CV3), Guānyuán (关元CV4) and Qìhăi (气海CV6). The other case complained about persistent abdominal pain for 15 days, which was worsening for the recent 2 days. The symptom of abdominal pain was relieved after the penetration moxibustion was applied on CV4, CV6 and Zǐgōng (子宫 EX-CA1) for 5 times for the case. Penetration moxibustion can relieve abdominal pain during the postpartum period, accelerate lochia discharge, and recovery of menstrual and uterine cavity. Àiyè (艾叶 Artemisiae Argyi Folium) was proved to have antibacterial, hemostatic, and analgesic effects. The warming function and radiation features of moxibustion can help to alleviate spasm of the smooth muscle in the uterus and enhance the metabolism of the uterine tissue by expanding microvessels and improving the circulations of both blood and lymph. It can also activate cells in the uterine tissue by increased temperature in order to enhance the decomposition and elimination of pathological wastes, such as inflammation and hematoma. In addition, it can also relieve pelvic pain by inhibiting neuronal excitability.     

维生素E在骨质疏松症中的影响机制及研究进展

随着人口老龄化发展趋势的逐步加剧,骨质疏松症作为一种慢性代谢性骨疾病,在病程进展及预后转归上严重影响着人们的健康生活状态。现阶段对于骨质疏松症的有效防治仍是世界公共卫生领域需要解决的焦点问题。骨质疏松症在宏观上表现为骨密度的持续减少,在微观上则揭示了骨重建的内在失衡。营养素中含有多种人体所必须的物质原料,可直接影响机体的生理功能。维生素E作为一种必须营养素,与骨代谢联系密切,能够对骨形成及骨吸收产生调控作用。本文旨在通过对二者之间联系的具体阐述,为骨质疏松症的防治策略提供更多的科学理念。     

基于辨证论治结合网络药理学探析六味地黄丸治疗绝经后骨质疏松症作用机制

目的 基于临床试验结合网络药理学探析六味地黄丸治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的作用机制。方法 ①将60例肾阴虚证绝经后骨质疏松症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组患者在口服维生素D和钙剂的同时,治疗组口服六味地黄丸、对照组口服雷洛昔芬,治疗6个月后测定并比较两组患者腰椎（L1～4）、右侧股骨颈骨密度值、血清骨钙素(OCN)及血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b（TRAP-5b）水平。②依据TCMSP数据库筛选出六味地黄丸活性成分及其对应的靶点,通过GeneCards、OMIM、Drugbank 3个数据库获取绝经后骨质疏松症相关靶点,将活性成分靶点与绝经后骨质疏松症相关靶点取交集所得靶点即为六味地黄丸治疗绝经后骨质疏松症靶点。采用Cytoscape3.7.2软件构建活性成分、靶点以及蛋白间的相互作用网络,使用STRING数据库进行PPI网络分析,运用Metascape数据分析平台进行GO生物过程富集以及KEGG通路富集分析。结果 与治疗前比较两组均可提升骨密度,反映骨形成指标的OCN值明显升高,骨吸收指标的TRAP-5b值则明显降低,且治疗组优于对照组（P＜0.05）。而通过网络药理学预测显示六味地黄丸作用于绝经后骨质疏松症的活性成分有36个,位居前三位的活性成分为槲皮素、山奈酚、儿茶素,主要靶点为干扰素调节因子-1（IRF1）、抑瘤素M（OSM）、白介素6（IL-6）。GO富集分析显示,生物过程主要涉及到细胞因子介导的信号通路、细胞凋亡信号通路等;细胞组成主要包括蛋白激酶复合物、质膜蛋白复合物等;分子功能主要包括转录因子结合、核受体活性等。KEGG富集分析获取相关信号通路为JAk-STAT、Wnt及NF-κB信号通路。结论 六味地黄丸可显著增加骨密度、促进骨形成、抑制骨吸收,而其作用机制在于应用槲皮素、山奈酚、儿茶素等活性成分,以IRF1、OSM及IL-6为主要靶点,通过JAk-STAT、Wnt及NF-κB等信号通路发挥改善绝经后骨质疏松症的作用。     

从中医“虚”论治原发性骨质疏松症与OPG/RANK/RANKL信号通路的相关性

原发性骨质疏松症(primary osteoporosis,POP)是现代临床中常见的骨科疾病,其归属于中医学之"骨痿""骨痹""骨枯"等范畴。随着中医药事业的发展,中医学在POP的治疗中应用愈加广泛,且疗效显著,已受到学界的广泛认可。但遗憾的是,其缺乏现代研究理论依据的支撑。随着分子生物学的发展,OPG/RANK/RANKL信号通路的发现对中医学治疗此病具有重要意义。故笔者将从中医"虚"理论出发,并以中医学脏腑辨证理论为基础,借助现代分子生物学的研究成果OPG/RANK/RANKL信号通路,揭示中医治疗POP的OPG/RANK/RANKL信号通路表达机制,以期为中医学治疗POP提供科学理论依据。     

肥胖症与骨质疏松症的相关性研究

肥胖症和骨质疏松症都是常见慢性疾病,随着我国人口老龄化进程的加剧,二者的发病率也在逐年上升。骨质疏松症是一种全身性骨骼疾病,导致骨密度降低、骨强度降低和骨微结构恶化,从而增加脆性骨折的易感性。肥胖可以被定义为一种包括异常或过量的身体脂肪堆积的复杂疾病,近年来随着研究的不断深入,发现该病与骨质疏松症的发生密切相关。该文通过总结分析近些年这方面的相关研究报道,就肥胖症与骨质疏松症之间的相关性展开综述,以期有针对性地对这两种疾病进行早期干预,改善患者临床症状,提高患者的生活质量。     

中医药干预基质金属蛋白酶表达治疗膝骨性关节炎研究进展

膝骨性关节炎是临床上常见的慢性进行性关节病,症状通常以疼痛及关节功能丧失为主。其病因复杂,发病机制尚未完全阐明,对该病的有效防治一直是临床研究的热点。近年来,随着对基质金属蛋白酶与骨性关节炎关系研究的不断深入,发现基质金属蛋白酶通过影响关节软骨破坏这一重要病理过程,在其发生和发展过程中扮演重要角色。大量研究资料表明,中医药可干预膝骨性关节炎患者基质金属蛋白酶表达,抑制软骨细胞外基质降解,从而减轻膝骨性关节炎的临床症状及延缓病理进程。笔者就中医药干预基质金属蛋白酶表达治疗膝骨性关节炎的研究进展进行综述,以期为中医药应用于膝骨性关节炎的防治提供参考和依据。     

Expression pattern of NMDA receptors reveals antiepileptic potential of apigenin 8-C-glucoside and chlorogenic acid in pilocarpine induced epileptic mice

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of apigenin 8-C-glucoside (Vitexin) and chlorogenic acid on epileptic mice induced by pilocarpine and explored its possible mechanisms. Intraperitonial administration of pilocarpine (85 mg/kg) induced seizure in mice was assessed by behavior observations, which is significantly (p > 0.05) reduced by apigenin 8-C-glucoside (AP8CG) (10 mg/kg) and chlorogenic acid (CA) (5 mg/kg), similar to diazepam. Seizure was accompanied by an imbalance in the levels of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in the pilocarpine administered group. Moreover, convulsion along with reduced acetylcholinesterase, increased monoamine oxidase and oxidative stress was observed in epileptic mice brain. AP8CG and CA significantly restored back to normal levels even at lower doses. Further, increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite content was also significantly attenuated by AP8CG and CA. However, CA was found to be more effective when compared to AP8CG. In addition, the mRNA expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), mGluR1 and mGlu5 was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibited by AP8CG and CA in a lower dose. The mRNA expression of GRIK1 did not differ significantly in any of the group and showed a similar pattern of expression. Our result shows that AP8CG and CA selectively inhibit NMDAR, mGluR1 and mGlu5 expression. Modification in the provoked NMDAR calcium response coupled with neuronal death. Hence, these findings underline that the polyphenolics, AP8CG and CA have exerted antiepileptic and neuroprotective activity by suppressing glutamate receptors.     

心电图对急性肺栓塞的诊断价值

目的探讨急性肺栓塞溶栓抗凝治疗前后的心电图变化特征,为临床诊治提供依据,改善预后,以最大限度降低病死率。方法回顾性分析临床确诊为急性肺栓塞58例患者溶栓抗凝治疗前后的心电图变化特征。结果 58例急性肺栓塞患者有48例心电图有不同程度异常,表现为窦性心动过速、SⅠQⅢTⅢ、胸前导联T波倒置、肺型P波、右束支阻滞、AVR导R波振幅增高等18项改变,经过溶栓抗凝治疗,窦性心律减慢35例,SⅠQⅢTⅢ消失10例,QRS波电轴左移9例,房性早搏消失2例,室性早搏消失2例,心房颤动消失2例,AVR导R波振幅降低1例,胸前导联T波直立数增加8例,V1（或V3R~V5R）顿挫波消失2例,无明显变化5例。结论急性肺栓塞多有心电图改变,心电图有一过性、多样性、无特异性的特点,是对急性肺栓塞患者进行初步危险分层的简便、经济、安全的实用工具,动态观察并结合临床有助于诊断、指导早期干预治疗、判断再灌注疗效和预后有较大的临床价值。     

2013年甘肃省岷县、漳县60例地震重症伤员受伤部位及其影像学特点

目的对2013年甘肃省岷县、漳县地震重症伤员的受伤部位及其影像学特点进行分析。方法回顾性收集在地震发生7天内送往兰州市各大医院的岷县、漳县60例地震重症伤员的临床资料,采用Excel软件录入数据并进行分析。结果 60例地震伤员中,20例为单部位损伤,40例为多部位损伤,受伤部位共计120处。四肢伤41例,共53个部位骨折,其中上肢11例(12个部位),下肢34例(41个部位)。头颅伤14例,共16个部位。脊柱伤13例,共累及14个椎体,20个部位,其中10例伴有脑和脊髓损伤。胸部伤17例,伴有肋骨骨折6例,骨折27处。另外,7例伤员伴有内脏损伤,累及腹部4个部位。结论此次地震伤以全身多部位、多器官损伤为多,其中以四肢骨折多见,腹部损伤少见。影像检查有助于地震伤员的筛查及分类治疗。     

中药灌肠和口服2种给药途径治疗慢性盆腔炎的文献评价

目的：系统评价慢性盆腔炎（CPID）中药灌肠与中药口服两种给药途径的疗效优势。方法：计算机检索Cochrane图书馆临床对照实验库、MEDLINE、EMBASE、中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、万方数据库,检索相关学位论文及所获文献的参考文献,收集中药灌肠与中药口服治疗慢性盆腔炎的随机或半随机对照实验。结果：共纳入6个随机对照实验（RCT）,共计498例CPID患者。大部分实验方法学质量较低且样本含量小。Meta分析结果显示中药灌肠组的总疗效优于中药口服组。结论：中药灌肠治疗慢性盆腔炎的疗效优于中药口服。